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Divilacan

Divilacan

Divilacan is a 4th class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 3,413 people in 633 households.

Barangays

Divilacan is politically subdivided into 12 barangays.
- Dicambangan
- Dicaroyan
- Dicatian
- Bicobian
- Dilakit
- Dimapnat
- Dimapula (Pob.)
- Dimasalansan
- Dipudo
- Dibulos
- Ditarum
- Sapinit

External links


- [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
- [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] Category:Municipalities of Isabela

Philippine province

The province (Filipino: lalawigan or probinsya) is the primary local government unit in the Philippines. The country is divided into 79 provinces, which are grouped into 17 regions (rehiyon). Provinces are subdivided into cities (lungsod) and municipalities (bayan). The provincial government is headed by a governor (gobernador). For purposes of legislative representation, the province is divided into one or more congressional districts (distrito). Each city or municipality belongs to one of these districts. One congressman (kinatawan) represents each district in the House of Representatives. Every district also has board members in the Provincial Board (see the succeeding section on the Provincial Government). The National Capital Region, which includes the capital city Manila, is not divided into provinces.

Provincial government

The provincial government has an executive and a legislative branch. The judicial powers in the province are under the supervision of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The provincial government is an autonomous unit, given direct supervision of the affairs of the province. The president of the Philippines coordinates with the provinces through the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG).

Executive branch

The provincial government is headed by a governor (gobernador), who is the chief executive and head of the province. Under the governor are the various provincial departments such as the Administration, Legal Office, Information Office, Engineering Office, and Treasury Office. The governor is elected a term of three years and may be elected for a maximum of three terms. The provincial department heads are appointed by the governor.

Legislative branch

Heading the legislature of the province is the vice-governor (bise-gobernador) who presides over the Provincial Board (Sangguniang Panlalawigan), which is composed of board members from each district in the province. Depending on the income class of the province, it may either have eight or ten board members. First and second class provinces have ten board members while third and fourth class provinces have eight. Negros Occidental and Cebu are exceptions, having 12 board members each. The board also has, as ex-officio members, the provincial president of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC) (Liga ng mga Barangay), the provincial president of the Philippine Councilors League (PCL), and the provincial president of Sanggunian Kabataan (SK) Federation (the youth council). All of the board members are elected by the citizens of the province along with the governor. The ex-officio members are elected within their organizations.

List of provinces

On February 20, 1995, legislation was approved for the division of Isabela into Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur. The division never took place. Negros del Norte was created from Negros Occidental on January 3, 1986. Its creation was declared unconstitutional on July 11, 1986, and it was abolished on August 18, 1986.

See also


- Seals of the Philippine provinces
- ISO 3166-2:PH

External links


- [http://www.lpp.gov.ph/ League of Provinces of the Philippines]
- [http://www.dilg.gov.ph/ Department of Interior and Local Government]
- [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] Philippines, Provinces of the .

Philippines

The Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), or the Philippines (Filipino: Pilipinas), is a nation in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital. It lies 1,210 km (750 mi) away from mainland Asia and consists of 7,107 islands called the Philippine Archipelago. It is also part of the Malay Archipelago. It is, with East Timor, one of the two predominantly Catholic nations in Southeast Asia and one of the most westernized, a unique blend of East and West. Spain and the United States have held the Philippine Islands as a colony for most of the last four centuries. While still predominantly an agricultural nation, the Philippines today is a premier destination for outsourcing, an exporter of electronics and agricultural products, and is a major source of exported labor. Remittances from overseas Filipinos forms a significant portion of the country's gross national product. The country's name originated with Ruy López de Villalobos naming both the islands of Samar and Leyte, Las Islas Felipinas after King Philip II of Spain during his failed expedition in 1543. The archipelago was known under various names such as Spanish East Indies, New Castille (Nueva Castilla), Western Islands (Islas del Poniente), the St. Lazarus Islands (Islas de San Lázaro) and others. Ultimately, Filipinas came to refer to the entire archipelago.

History

Archeological and paleontological evidence, prove that homo sapiens existed in Palawan probably about 50,000 years ago. These inhabitants are called the Tabon Man. Thousands of years later, waves of Austronesian-speaking migrants - the ancestors of today's maintsream ethnic Filipinos - crossed from neighboring Indonesia and through Southern China via Taiwan. Ethnic Chinese merchants arrived in the 8th century. Ferdinand Magellan first set foot in the archipelago in 1521. After establishing friendly relations with some local chieftains and converting them to Christianity, Magellan got into a conflict with one of the chieftains still hostile to him, Lapu-Lapu. In the ensuing battle, the Spaniards were defeated and Magellan killed, but one of his ships was able to return to Spain and bring the news about this new land. On April 27, 1565, the Spanish conquistador, Miguel López de Legazpi and 500 armed soldiers came to Cebu and established the first Spanish settlement on the islands. Augustinians and Franciscans,followed later by the Jesuits, Dominicans, and Recollects, marched with soldiers from island to island, in search of native villages and people. The Spaniards soon established churches and forts, while searching for gold and spices. Roman Catholicism was introduced and embraced by the majority. Sporadic rebellions occurred from tribal groups in the highlands of north Luzon and coastal regions. Muslim belligerents maintained resistance in the southern islands of Mindanao. The Spanish military fought-off Chinese pirates, Japanese and Portuguese, Dutch and British forces, all of whom also had an interest in the Philippines. The Philippines was ruled from New Spain (Mexico) until the openning of the Suez Canal and Mexican independence. A burgeoning Manila Galleon or Manila-Acapulco galleon trade began in the late 16th century. In 1781, Governor José Basco y Vargas established the Economic Society of Friends of the Country. The Philippines was administered directly from Spain. Developments in and out of the country and the opening up of the Suez Canal in 1869, which helped cut travel time to Spain and helped bring new ideas to the Philippines. This prompted the rise of the ilustrados, or the enlightened Filipino upper middle class. Many young Filipinos were thus able to study in Europe. Enlightened by the Propaganda Movement to the injustices of the Spanish colonial government and the frailocracy, they originally clamored for adequate representation to the Spanish Cortes and later for independence. José Rizal, the most celebrated intellectual (and most controversial ilustrado), was executed in 1896 for treason as Rizal was implicated in the outbreak of the Revolution. The Katipunan, or the "Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga anak ng Inang Bayan" was founded by Andrés Bonifacio as its Supremo or leader. It was a secret society for the sole purpose of overthrowing Spanish rule in the Philippines. However, the society was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil who broke his vow of confession and reported to the Spanish authorities the confession of a parishioner who was a sister of a Katipunero.(Honoria Patinio, the sister of Teodoro Patinio) The Philippine Revolution broke out. The Katipunan, meanwhile, was split into two groups, Magdiwang led by Andrés Bonifacio, and Magdalo led by Emilio Aguinaldo. The revolution ended in a truce with the Pact of Biak na Bato, where the revolutionaries capitulated and agreed to exile themselves in Hong Kong. The United States and Spain became involved in the Spanish-American war in 1898. Emilio Aguinaldo was then lured back to the Philippines with a supposed promise of independence similar to Cuba, which was fighting a war of independence. Thus, on June 12, 1898, with victory seemingly attainable, Emilio Aguinaldo, leader of the revolutionaries, declared the independence of the Philippines in Kawit, Cavite. However, the Battle for Manila between Spain and the United States turned out to be a farce, which sought to exclude the Filipinos from the eventual occupation of Manila. Spain and the United States ignored the Filipino representative, Felipe Agoncillo, during their negotiations in the Treaty of Paris. Spain was forced in the negotiations to hand over Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico to the United States in exchange for US$20,000,000.00, which payment the United States later claimed to be a gift to Spain. The first Philippine Republic rebelled against the US occupation and this resulted in the Philippine-American War (1899-1913). It came under U.S. control and in 1935, its status was upgraded to that of a U.S. Commonwealth. Independence for the Philippines was finally granted on July 4, 1946, after the Japanese invasion and occupation of the islands during World War II. The Philippines has faced some degree of economic and political instability after 1946. The restive Hukbalahaps, guerillas who fought against the Japanese during World War II, turned communistic in ideology. They organized clandestinely, mounted anti-government campaigns of sedition and open hostilities against government forces, and conducted terroristic activities, including kidnappings, massacres, assasinations, rapes and extorsion. They threatened the countryside, and subsequently the capital, Quezon City, and Manila in the '50's. The Huk threat was eventually broken with the surrender of Luis Taruc, the Huk Supremo, to a young reporter named Benigno Aquino Jr. (later elected as Senator), and Secretary of Defense Ramón Magsaysay, who would eventually become president. The late '60's and early '70's saw the rise of student activism, and anti-American demonstrations. Furthermore, a Constitutional Convention composed of elected delegates drafted a new constitution to replace the 1935 Constitution in a referendum. This period was marred by civil unrest and exposés on corruption until the declaration of martial law on September 21, 1972. The new constitution was subsequently enforced through somewhat questionable means, as challenges were made in the Supreme Court on the propriety of its ratification. This eventually culminated in the resignation of Chief Justice Roberto Concepción. The situation appeared to ebb until the later years when the authoritarian regime of President Ferdinand E. Marcos became marred with unmitigated, pervasive corruption and despotism, at which time public outcry and dissidence resurged to new highs. In 1986, Marcos, his family and some cronies left the Philippines and went to exile to Hawaii, as Corazon Aquino, widow of assassinated Sen. Benigno Aquino, assumed the reins of government in the aftermath of a hotly-contested "snap elections". While some cite a return to democracy and governmental reform in the Post-Marcos era, systemic government corruption, continuing civil unrest and the activity of Communist insurgency and Muslim separatist movements continue to hamper economic productivity in the country. The country has seen two Presidential crises during this time, the most recent being the 2005 Philippine electoral crisis.

Politics and Government

The government of the Philippines is loosely patterned after the U.S. government. It is organized as a representative republic, where the President functions as head of state, the head of government, and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The president is elected by popular vote to a term of 6 years, during which he or she appoints and presides over the cabinet. The bicameral legislature, the Congress, consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives; members of the former are nationally elected and those of the latter by district. There are 24 senators serving 6 years in the Senate ( in staggered batches of 8 every 2 years, while the House of Representatives consists of no more than 250 congressmen each serving 4-year terms. The judiciary branch of the government is headed by the Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices, all of whom the President appoints from nominations submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council. The Philippines is a founding and active member of the United Nations (UN) since its inception on October 24, 1945 and is a founding and prominent member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), an active player in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Latin Union and a member of the Group of 24. The Philippines is a major non-NATO ally of the United States, but also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement. The Philippines is currently in a dispute with the Republic of China (Taiwan), the People's Republic of China, Vietnam and Malaysia over the oil- and natural gas-rich Spratly Islands and Scarborough Shoal, and with Malaysia over Sabah. The Sultan of Sulu, who received Sabah as a gift in 1703 after having helped the Sultan of Brunei defeat a rebellion, has given the Philippine Government power to reclaim his lost territory. To this day, the Sultan of Sulu's family still receives "rental" payments for Sabah from the Malaysian Government.

Geography

Sultan of Sulu The Philippines constitutes an archipelago of 7,107 islands with a total land area of approximately 300,000 km². It lies between 116° 40' and 126° 34' E. longitude, and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N. latitude, and is bordered on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the west by the South China Sea, and on the south by the Celebes Sea. The island of Borneo lies a few hundred kilometers to the southwest and Taiwan directly north. The Moluccas and Celebes are farther south, and on the eastern side of the Philippine Sea is Palau. The islands are commonly divided into three major groups: Luzon (Regions I to V, NCR & CAR), Visayas (VI to VIII), and Mindanao (IX to XIII & ARMM). The busy port of Manila, on Luzon, is the country's capital and second-largest city after Quezon City. The local climate is hot, humid, and tropical. The average yearly temperature is around 26.5°C. There are three recognized seasons: Tag-init or Tag-araw (the hot season or summer from March to May), Tag-ulan (the rainy season from June to November), and Taglamig (the cold season from December to February). The southwest monsoon (May-October) is known as the "Habagat" and the dry winds of the northeast monsoon (November-April) as the "Amihan". Most of the mountainous islands used to be covered in tropical rainforests and are volcanic in origin. The highest point is Mount Apo on Mindanao at 2,954 m. Many volcanoes in the country, such as Mayon Volcano, Mount Pinatubo ,and Taal Volcano are active. The country is also astride the typhoon belt of the Western Pacific and about 19 typhoons strike per year. Lying on the northwestern fringes of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Philippines experiences frequent seismic and volcanic activities. Some 20 earthquakes are registered daily in the Philippines, though they are too weak to be felt.

Administrative divisions

:Main articles: Provinces of the Philippines, Regions of the Philippines Regions of the Philippines The Philippines is divided into a hierarchy of local government units (LGUs) with the province as the primary unit. There are 79 provinces in the country. Provinces are further subdivided into cities and municipalities, which are in turn composed of barangays. The barangay is the smallest local government unit. The Philippines is divided into 17 regions with all provinces grouped into one of 16 regions for administrative convenience. The National Capital Region however, is divided into four special districts. Most government offices establish regional offices to serve the constituent provinces. The regions themselves do not possess a separate local government, with the exception of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao which is autonomous. Go to the articles on the regions and provinces to see a larger map showing the locations of the regions and provinces. Regions
- Ilocos Region (Region I)
- Cagayan Valley (Region II)
- Central Luzon (Region III)
- CALABARZON (Region IV-A) ¹ ²
- MIMAROPA (Region IV-B) ¹ ²
- Bicol Region (Region V)
- Western Visayas (Region VI)
- Central Visayas (Region VII)
- Eastern Visayas (Region VIII)
- Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX)
- Northern Mindanao (Region X)
- Davao Region (Region XI)
- SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII) ¹
- Caraga (Region XIII)
- Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
- Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
- National Capital Region (NCR) (Metro Manila) ¹ Names are capitalized because they are acronyms, containing the names of the constituent provinces or cities (see Acronyms in the Philippines).
² These regions formed the former Southern Tagalog region, or Region IV.

Economy

The Philippines is classified as a Developing Country. Although agricultural in nature, light industry and services have made great inroads ino the country. The Philippines has a nominal GDP of 86,429, and ranked 46th out of 184 countries and 15th among Asian countries. The country, often called as the New Tiger of Asia, deteriorated over the climax of the Asian financial crisis of 1998. This was coupled by rising prices, inflation, and poor weather conditions. Economic growth fell to 0.6% in 1998 from 5% in 1997, but recovered to about 3% in 1999 and 4% in 2000. The government has promised to continue its economic reforms to help match the pace of development in the newly industrialised countries of East Asia. Heavy debts (public debt at 77% of GDP), is hampering efforts to improve the economic situation. Budget allocation for servicing of debt is higher than the budget for the Department of Education and for the Military combined. The government's strategy for an economic revamp includes improving infrastructure, overhauling the tax system to bolster government revenues, furthering deregulation and privatisation of the economy, and increasing trade integration with the region. Prospects for the future depend heavily on the economic performance of the two major trading partners, the United States and Japan, and a more accountable administration and consistent government policies. In recent years, numerous call centers and business process outsourcing (BPO) firms have migrated to the Philippines generating thousands of jobs and improving their services with many clients, including Fortune 500 companies. The Philippines has one of the most vibrant BPO industries in Asia today. The Philippine Peso was hailed by Forbes as Asia's best performing currency for 2005. A new Expanded Value Added Tax (E-VAT) Law was instituted on November 1, 2005, a measure intended to cut the rising foreign debts of the Philippines and to improve government services such as education, health, social welfare, and road construction. The Philippines is a member of the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, as well as other international economic associations, such as theAsia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Colombo Plan, and the G-77.

Demographics

The Philippines is the world's twelfth most populous country, with a population of 86,241,697 as of 2005. Roughly two-thirds reside in the island of Luzon. Manila, the capital, is the eleventh most populous metropolitan area in the world. The educational system is efficient and based on the United States curriculum. The literacy rate is 95.9%, about equal for males and females. Life expectancy is 69.29 years, with 72.28 years for females and 66.44 years for males. Population growth per year is about 1.92%, with 26.3 births per 1000 people. In the 100 years since the 1903 Census, the population has grown by a factor of eleven. The country suffers from overpopulation due to a high birth rate. The people of the Philippines are collectively known as Filipinos. Colloquially, Filipinos may refer to themselves as Pinoy (feminine: Pinay). According to current Philippine government and independant data, some 95% of the population are the descendants of the various Austronesian-speaking migrants who arrived in successive waves over a thousand years ago, settling throughout the entire archipelago. Filipinos are divided into 12 major linguistic groups, namely the the Tagalogs, Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Ilonggos, Bicolanos, Pampangos, Pangasinenses, Karay-as, Warays, Maranaos, Maguindanaos, and Tausugs, and then numerous other smaller groups. The Negritos or Aetas, also known as the aboriginal inhabitants of the Philippines, were largely displaced by the invading Austronesian-speaking migrants, and today number less than 30,000 people (0.03%). The Mestizo population (those of any mixed native and foreign ancestry) form a tiny (2%) but economically and politically important minority (a Stanford [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf genetic study], however, indicates that 3.6% of the population has at least some European ancestry). The largest minority of foreign nationality groups in the country are the ethnic Chinese (3%). The remaining population consists of other smaller foreign nationality groups, including North Americans, Spaniards and other Europeans, Mexicans and other Latin Americans, Arabs, South Asians, Indonesians, Koreans, Japanese, Vietnamese, and other Asian immigrants. Because of the vast number of native ethnolinguistic groups, the Philippines is said to be one of the most ethnically diverse countries in Asia. In recent decades, the government has worked to make the country more culturally homogeneous. However, there has been notable resistance among the various ethno-linguistic groups trying to preserve their unique cultural and linguistic identities. These are a source of immense pride for many people within the Republic of the Philippines; many are against what are perceived as attempts by certain Filipino nationalists to erradicate cultural diversity in place of a homogenous, Tagalog-dominated "nationalistic" Filipino identity. A recent manifestation of this can be seen in the complaints of many provinces that "Imperial Manila" dominates, oppresses, and exploits the people and resources of the rest of the country.

Languages

More than 170 languages are spoken; almost all of them belong to the Western Malayo-Polynesian language group of the Austronesian language family. According to the 1987 Constitution, Tagalog-based Filipino and English are the official languages. There are 12 native regional languages and are the auxiliary languages of their respective regions, each with over one million speakers: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Waray-Waray, Bikol, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Kinaray-a, Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug. Other major foreign languages spoken include Spanish, Hokkien, Cantonese, Indonesian, Sindhi, Punjabi, Korean, and Arabic.

Religion

The Philippines is the fourth largest Roman Catholic country, the thirteenth largest Protestant country, the fortieth largest Islamic country, the seventh largest Hindu country, and the seventeenth largest Buddhist country. 92 % of all Filipinos are Christians. 83 % belong to the Roman Catholic Church.The other 9 % belonging to various Protestant denominations. Although Christianity is a major force in the culture of the Filipinos, many, however, still practice local traditions and rituals. The Roman Catholic church exerts considerable influence in both governmental and non-governmental affairs, although a constitutional provision for the separation of Church and State exists. The Philippines currently has two cardinals, Ricardo Cardinal Vidal and Jose Cardinal Sanchez. The late Jaime Cardinal Sin was a leading spiritual leader in the country and was an active participant in People Power I and People Power II. He died on June 21, 2005. Cardinal Vidal is the archbishop of Cebu. Cardinal Sanchez is the former Prefect of Congregation of the Clergy, Roman Curia. Gaudencio Borbon Rosales serves as the archbishop of Manila. The most famous cathedral is the huge Manila Cathedral. The various Protestant denominations are linked with North American churches and there is a significant presence of American missionaries. Two Filipino independent Christian churches were organized at the turn of the century and are prominent today. These are the Aglipay (Philippine Independent Church) and the Iglesia Ni Cristo (Church of Christ) founded in 1902 and 1914, respectively. The Eliseo Soriano-led Members Church of God International, more popularly known as the "Ang Dating Daan Group," is fast becoming a Christian denomination group in the country to watch, accounting for more than 2 million members worldwide. 5% of all Filipinos are Muslim. Most lowland Muslim Filipinos practice normative Islam, although the practices of some Mindanao's hilltribe Muslims reflect a fusion with Animism.

Culture

The culture of the Filipinos is influenced very much by the Spanish, Chinese, Mexican, American, Arabic, and Malaysian influences. The Hispanic influences in the culture of the Philippines are largely derived from the culture of Mexico and the culture of Spain over three hundred years of colonial rule. Hispanic influences are most visible in the form of customs and practices related to the Catholic church, especially in religious festivals. Every year, Filipinos from around the country hold major festivities known as Barrio Fiesta which commemorate the patron saints of the town, villages and regional districts. The festival season is celebrated with church ceremonies, street parades in honor of the patron saints, fireworks, beauty and dance contests for generations of old and new, and cockfighting tournaments. The Chinese influences in Filipino culture can be mostly seen in the domain of Filipino cuisine, which Chinese cuisine has totally penetrated. Noodles, known locally as mami, as well as other food, like meat dishes. Chinese influences are also obvious on the language side of culture. American cultural influence in the Philippines can be seen by the widespread use of English, as well as in the keenness of Filipinos in sports. Although there are pre-existing native sports in the Philippines, the most known sport in the Philippines is basketball. Other notable sports in the Philippines include boxing, swimming, and Martial Arts. The Philippines has produced numerous notable and revered athletes including boxing champion Manny Pacquiao., billiard champion Efren Reyes, chess champion Eugene Torre. Professional Basketball players are also idolized, and the Philippines has many sports clubs. Another obvious influence of the Americans is the love for fastfoods. In the Philippines, many corners have fastfoods, and aside from the American giant players like McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Burger King, KFC, Kenny Rogers Roasters, Wendy's, Shakey's, Carl's Jr., native fastfood chains have also been started, such as Jollibee, Greenwich Pizza, Chowking, and Max's Fried Chicken, among such others. Hamburgers, hotdogs, and ice cream can be bought from almost anywhere, and a prepondernace of American culture and customs is overwhelming. Filipinos listen to the latest American music, dance to American steps, watch American movies, and idolize American actors and actresses. Aside from these, the Philippines also boasts of its shopping malls, which are one of the largest in the world. The SM Megamall in Mandaluyong City is the third largest mall in the world, spanning three cities. Despite all of these influences, the Filipino still remains unique-a testimony to the living Filipino culture is the Jeepney, renovated relics of WWII, which are the standard mode of transportation in urban and rural areas. Filipinos honor national heroes whose works and deeds contributed to the shaping of Filipino nationalism. José Rizal is the most celebrated ilustrado, a visionary whose writings created a national identity and awareness. His novels Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, required readings for Filipino students, provide vignettes of colonial life under the Spanish rule. They give a sense of Filipino identity and historical continuity. Andrés Bonifacio founded the pro-independence Katipunan movement which helped end Spanish rule. Disputes exist about whether he, not Rizal, should be the national hero. Ninoy Aquino is highly revered as the martyr of the People Power revolution.

See also

:Main article: List of Philippine-related topics
- Filipino Martial Arts
- Communications in the Philippines
- Filipino Cuisine
- Holidays in the Philippines
- List of Philippine companies
- Military of the Philippines
- Military history of the Philippines
- Philippine landmarks
- Transportation in the Philippines
- List of Filipinos

External links

;Official
- [http://www.gov.ph Official website of the Philippine Government] - Gateway to governmental sites
- [http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph Supreme Court]
- [http://www.dfa.gov.ph/ Department of Foreign Affairs]
- [http://www.wowphilippines.com.ph Department of Tourism]
- [http://www.dti.gov.ph Department of Trade and Industry] ; Other
-
-
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1262783.stm Country Profile: Philippines ] — BBC's Country Profile on The Philippines Category:ASEAN member states Category:Former Spanish colonies Category:Southeast Asian countries zh-min-nan:Hui-li̍p-pin ko:필리핀 ms:Filipina ja:フィリピン simple:Philippines th:ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์

2000

This article is about the year 2000. For other uses of 2000, see 2000 (number) or 2000 (breakdancing move). 2000 (MM) is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. Popular culture also holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium. By strict interpretation of the Gregorian Calendar, however, this distinction falls to the year 2001. This is due to the fact that the first century began with the year 1, and there does not exist a year zero. The first century (or first 100 years AD) was from January 1, in the year one (1 AD) through December 31, in the year one-hundred (100 AD). The second century began on January 1, in the year one-hundred and one (101 AD). The year 2000 is also marked as:
- The International Year for a Culture of Peace.
- The World Mathematical Year. See also Wikipedia's almanac of events for this year.

Events

January


- January 1 - Millennium celebrations take place throughout the world. Y2K passes without the serious, widespread computer failures and malfunctions that had been predicted.
- January 5-January 8 - The 2000 al-Qaida Summit
- January 6 - The last remaining Pyrenean Ibex is found dead.
- January 10 - America On-line announces an agreement to buy Time Warner for $162 billion. This is the largest-ever corporate merger.
- January 11 - the armed wing of Islamic Salvation Front concludes its negotiations with the government for an amnesty and disbands in Algeria.
- January 11 - The trawler Solway Harvester sinks off the Isle of Man.
- January 14 - A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Bosnian Muslims in a Bosnian village.
- January 16 - In Sacramento, California a commercial truck carrying evaporated milk is driven into the state capitol building killing the driver.
- January 24 - God's Army, Karen militia group led by twins Johnny and Luther Htoo, take 700 hostages at a Thai hospital near the Burmese border.
- January 30 - St. Louis Rams 23 defeat the Tennessee Titans 16 to win the Super_Bowl_XXXIV
- January 30 - Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169. Within a day, Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crashes off the California coast into the Pacific Ocean, killing 88.
- January 31 - Dr. Harold Shipman in sentenced to life in prison for murder of at least 15 of his patients out of 365 suspected victims.

February


- February 4 - German extortionist Klaus-Peter Sabotta is jailed for life for attempted murder and extortion in connection with sabotage of German railway lines.
- February 6 - Tarja Halonen is elected the first Finnish female president.
- February 13 - Final original Peanuts comic strip is published.
- February 14 - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker entered orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.

March


- March 1 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
- March 2 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
- March 8 - Tokyo train disaster.
- March 9 - FBI arrests suspected purveyor of art forgeries, Ely Sakhai, in New York City.
- March 10 - The NASDAQ Composite Index reaches an all-time high of 5048. ([http://dynamic.nasdaq.com/dynamic/IndexChart.asp?symbol=IXIC&desc=NASDAQ+Composite&sec=nasdaq&site=nasdaq&months=84])
- March 18 - 2000 Taiwanese presidential election: Chen Shui-bian is elected President of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
- March 20 - Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther, is captured after gun battle that left a sheriff's deputy dead.
- March 21 - Pope John Paul II began the first office visit by a Roman Catholic pontiff to Israel.
- March 21 - US Supreme Court ruled the goverment lacked authority to regulate tobacco as an addictive drug, throwing out the Clinton administration's main anti-smoking initiative.
- March 26 - Presidential elections in Russia: Vladimir Putin elected President.
- March 30 - America's Cup 2000 retained by Team New Zealand near Auckland. Prada Challenge 2000 lost 0-5 in a "best-of-9".

April

April.]]
- April 1 - Japanese prime minister Keizo Obuchi suffers a stroke and falls into a coma.
- April 3 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
- April 5 - Yoshiro Mori replaces Obuchi as prime minister of Japan.
- April 7 - Attack submarine ex-Trepang completes being recycled.
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, Raja of Perlis dies after a reign of 55 years. He was the longest reigning monarch in the world since the death of Prince Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein.
- April 17 - Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin becomes Raja of Perlis.
- April 22 - In a predawn raid, federal agents seize six-year old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida and fly him to his Cuban father in Washington, DC ending one of the most publicized custody battles in US history.
- April 25 - The State of Vermont passes HB847, legalizing Civil Unions for same-sex couples.

May


- May 3 - A rare conjunction occurs on the New Moon including all seven of the traditional celestial bodies known from ancient times up until 1781 with the discovery of Uranus. The May 2000 conjunction consisted of: the Sun and Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
- May 3 - Computer pioneer Datapoint Corporation files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
- May 12 - The Tate Modern opens in London.
- May 13 - In Enschede a heavy fireworks explosion kills 20 and leaves an entire neighborhood in ruins.
- May 18 - Boo.com collapses due to lack of funds after six months.
- May 25 - Israel withdraws IDF troops from southern Lebanon after 22 years.
- May 28 - The volcano Mount Cameroon erupts.

June


- June 1 - Mark Mendlan, professional wrestler known by his ring name "Kid Gorgeous," is killed while wrestling at a show in New Hampshire.
- June 7 - U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson of the 4th circuit ordered the breakup of Microsoft Corp.
- June 10 - The New Jersey Devils defeat the Dallas Stars 4 games to 2 to win the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals.
- June 10 - The 2000 European Football Championship begins, hosted jointly by Belgium and the Netherlands.
- June 21 - Section 28, a law preventing the promotion of homosexuality is repealed by the Scottish Parliament.
- June 23 - Palace Backpackers Hostel fire in Childers, Queensland, Australia, kills 15 people.
- June 30 - During a set of the band Pearl Jam at the Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen, 9 die and 26 are injured in the crowd.

July

July
- July 2 - France beat Italy 2-1 to win the 2000 European Football Championship with a golden goal.
- July 2 - Presidential election of Mexico. Vicente Fox wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- July 10 - In southern Nigeria, a leaking petroleum pipeline explodes killing about 250 villagers who were scavenging gasoline
- July 10 - Death of Denis O Conor Donn, died 10th July 2000, aged 88; succeded by his son, Desmond as The O Connor Donn
- July 18 - Alex Salmond resigns as the leader of the Scottish National Party
- July 25 - A Concorde carrying Air France Flight 4590 crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 5 on the ground.

August


- August 1 - The Santa Cruz Operation announced that it will sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as UnixWare and OpenServer technologies, to Caldera Systems,Inc.
- August 8 - Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor.
- August 12 - The Russian submarine Kursk sinks in the Barents Sea, resulting in the deaths of all 118 men on board.
- August 14 - The first comic of Megatokyo goes online. This webcomic will later become one of the most popular comics on the web (in terms of page views) and spawn numerous imitators.
- August 25 - the Emulex hoax - wire services publish fraudulent bad news about Emulex
- August 27 - The Ostankino Tower in Moscow catches fire, three people are killed.

September


- September 5 - Tuvalu joins the United Nations.
- September 6 - In New York City, the United Nations Millennium Summit begins with more than 180 world leaders present.
- September 6 - The last wholly Swedish-owned arms manufacturer, Bofors, is sold to American arms manufacturer United Defense
- September 7–14 - The UK fuel protests take place, with refineries blockaded, and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.
- September 8 - Albania officially joins the World Trade Organization.
- September 15 - The 2000 Summer Olympics are opened in Sydney, Australia.
- September 16 - Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Gongadze is last seen alive; this day is taken as the commemoration date of his death.
- September 24 - The American Family Association begins lobbying the U.S. Congress to eradicate the National Endowment for the Arts for funding the controversial book One of the Guys by Robert Clark Young
- September 26 - Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 15,000 protesters) turned violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.
- September 28 - Ariel Sharon leads several hundred armed Israelis in a visit to the Temple Mount. Palestinian civil disorder increases into the Al-Aqsa Intifada.
- September 29 - The Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland is closed.

October


- October 2 NBC Today Show expanded it to three hours (7:00–10:00 A.M. Eastern Time/Pacific Time; 6:00–9:00 A.M. Central Time/Mountain Time)
- October 5 - President Slobodan Milošević leaves office after widespread demonstrations throughout Serbia and the withdrawal of Russian support.
- October 11 - 250 million gallons of coal sludge spill in Martin County, Kentucky. Considered a greater environmental disaster than the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
- October 12 - In Aden, Yemen, the USS Cole is badly damaged by two suicide bombers who placed a small boat laden with explosives along-side the United States Navy destroyer, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
- October 21 15 Arab leaders convened in Cairo, Egypt, for their first summit in four years; the Libyan delegation walked out, angry over signs the summit would stop short of calling for breaking ties with Israel.
- October 22 – Mainichi Shinbun exposes Japanese archeologist Shinichi Fujimura as a fraud; Japanese archaeologists had based their treatises of his findings.
- October 26 - Pakistani authorities announce that their police have found an apparently ancient mummy of a persian princess in the province of Baluchistan. Iran, Pakistan and the Taliban all claim the mummy until Pakistan announces it is a forgery in April 17 2001
- October 31 - Singapore Airlines Flight 006 collides with construction equipment in the Chiang Kai Shek International Airport - 83 dead.
- October 31 - The last Jeremy clone has shut down.

November

November
- November - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq rejects new U.N. Security Council weapons inspections proposals
- November 1 - Yugoslavia's new democratic government joined the United Nations after eight years of U.N. ostracism under former strongman Slobodan Milosevic.
- November 3 - Widespread flooding throughout England and Wales after days of heavy rain
- November 4 - President Clinton vetoed a bill that would have criminalized the leaking of government secrets.
- November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 2000: Republican challenger George W. Bush defeats Democrat Vice President Al Gore, but the final outcome is not known for over a month because of disputed votes in Florida.
- November 7 - Criminal gang raids the Millennium Dome to steal The Millennium Star diamond but police surveillance catches them in the act
- November 7 - Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first First Lady of the United States to win public office
- November 11 - Kaprun disaster, Austria, where 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
- November 13 - Richard C. Duncan presents his paper, "The Peak Of World Oil Production And The Road To The Olduvai Gorge", on the Olduvai theory (about the collapse of the industrial civilization), at the Summit 2000 Pardee Keynote Symposia of the Geological Society of America)
- November 14 - Netscape version 6.0 is launched following two years of open source development creating a stable Mozilla web browser upon which it is based
- November 16 - Bill Clinton becomes the first sitting US President to visit Vietnam
- November 17 - Catastrophical landslide in Log pod Mangartom,Slovenia, kills 7, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophies in Slovenia in the past 100 years.
- November 17 - Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru
- November 27 - Canada - Parliamentary elections - Jean Chrétien re-elected as Prime Minister as Liberal Party increases majority in House of Commons
- November 28 - Ukrainian politician Oleksander Moroz touches off the Cassette Scandal by publicly accusing President Leonid Kuchma of involvement in the murder of journalist Georgiy Gongadze.

December


- December 1 - Mexico - Vicente Fox becomes the first opposition President to take office since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. He wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- December 28 - U.S. retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years.
- December 30 - Rizal Day Bombings: A series of bombs explode in various places in Metro Manila, Philippines, within a span of a few hours killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.

Unknown Date


- Limited reintroduction of routinely armed police in the UK for the first time since 1936.
- Scientists at University of Szeged's laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material.
- Millie I. Webb elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.

Births


- February 23 - Max & Sam Christy, American actors
- March 15- Amy and Emily Walton, English actresses
- April 25 - Jacob & Joshua Rips, American actors
- October 6 - Amanda Pace, American actress
- October 20 - Cooper and Oliver Guynes, American actors
- November 8 - Madison and Marissa Poer, actresses

Deaths

January


- January 2 - Patrick O'Brian, English writer (b. 1914)
- January 15 - Fran Ryan, American actress (b. 1916)
- January 19 - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1934)
- January 19 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (b. 1913)

February


- February 9 - Beau Jack, American boxer (b. 1921)
- February 11 - Roger Vadim, French film director (b. 1928)
- February 12 - Jalacy "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins, American musician (b. 1929)
- February 12 - Tom Landry, American football coach (b. 1924)
- February 12 - Charles M. Schulz, American comic strip artist (b. 1921)
- February 23 - Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (b. 1915)

April


- April 6 - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (b. 1903)
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (b. 1920)
- April 25 - David Merrick, American stage producer (b. 1911)
- April 29 - Phạm Văn Ðồng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)

May


- May 11 - Paula Wessely, Austrian actress (b. 1907)
- May 12 - Adam Petty, American race car driver (b. 1980)
- May 14 - Keizo Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937)
- May 17 - Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1909)
- May 19 - Yevgeny Khrunov, cosmonaut

Category:Municipalities of Isabela

Isabela, Municipalities of

Australian movies

The cinema of Australia has a long history—in fact, it is possible that the first feature-length narrative film was the Australian production, The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906). Australia's film history has been characterised as 'boom and bust', because of the unstable and cyclical nature of the industry, with deep troughs when few films were made for decades and high peaks when a glut of films reached the market. The first peak occurred in the second decade of the 20th century. After beginning slowly in the years from 1900, 1910 saw 4 narrative films released, then 51 in 1911, 30 in 1912, and 17 in 1913, and back to 4 in 1914, which was the beginning of World War I. Australia was one of the most prolific film-producing countries at the time. The demise of the industry can be seen as a response to falling audience numbers, a lack of interest in Australian product and narratives, or to the decision to participate in World War II. However, the real reason lay in the fact that Australian accountants for theatre chains realised that Australian product was much more expensive than the imported material from the U.S., which could be purchased cheaply as production expenses had already been recouped. To redress this decline, the federal government imposed a tax on imported film in 1914, but this was removed by 1918. No matter what the cause, by 1923 U.S. films dominated the Australian exhibition sector, with 94 percent of all films coming from that country. During the 1970s an influx of government funding saw the development of a generation of directors and actors telling distinctively Australian stories. Films such as Picnic at Hanging Rock and Sunday, Too Far Away had an immediate international impact. The 1980s is regarded as perhaps a golden age of Australian cinema, with many successful films, from the dark science fiction of Mad Max to the blatantly commercial Aussie-bloke romantic comedy of Crocodile Dundee, a film that defined Australia in the eyes of many foreigners despite having remarkably little to do with the lifestyle of most Australians. The industry has produced a number of successful actors and directors, including Cate Blanchett, Toni Collette, Nicole Kidman, Naomi Watts, Geoffrey Rush and Russell Crowe, directors Peter Weir, Mario Andreacchio and Baz Luhrmann, and associated production experts. However, in common with other English-speaking countries, Australia has often found it difficult to compete in a market place dominated by American product. The most successful actors and film-makers are usually easily lured by Hollywood and rarely return to the domestic film industry. The indigenous film industry continues to produce a reasonable number of films each year, also many US producers have moved productions to Australian studios as they discover a pool of professional talent well below US costs. Studios established in Australia, like Fox Studios Australia and Warner Bros. Movie World, host large international productions like The Matrix and Star Wars II and III. The Australian animated short film Harvie Krumpet also recently received an Academy Award.

Notable films

Picnic at Hanging Rock

Certainly one of the most significant Australian films ever made, Picnic at Hanging Rock was produced by Patricia Lovell, Hal McElroy and Jim McElroy. The film's rhythm is marked by a recurring sense of unease, the use of lingering, even haunting, images of the Rock and the Australian outback, much of which can be attributed to Weir and the extraordinary skill of director of photography Russell Boyd. It premiered at the Hindley Cinema Complex in Adelaide on the 8th of August, 1975.

Mad Max series

Picnic at Hanging Rock] Mad Max is an Australian pre-apocalyptic/science fiction film starring Mel Gibson as Max Rockatansky. Released in 1979, Australia, it was directed by George Miller, and written by Miller, James McCausland, and Byron Kennedy, who produced the film. It is a post-apocalyptic story of a future world where no organized government remains. Anarchy has a firm grip on the land, peace and justice have given way to survival at any cost, and Max Rockatansky, the former police officer and vigilante has become a nomadic drifter.The 1981 sequel, Mad Max 2 was known in the United States as The Road Warrior. It was a worldwide box office hit, with its combination of odd characters and over-the-top car stunts, and was the film that launched Mel Gibson to international stardom. It was followed by Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome.

'Breaker' Morant

Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome] Breaker Morant, well known Australian film set during the Boer War in South Africa. It tells the story of Breaker Morant, who ordered the summary execution of several Afrikaner and African prisoners, which led to his controversial court-martial and execution for murder by the British Army. The all-Australian supporting cast features Bryan Brown as Lieutenant Handcock, Lewis FitzGerald as Witton, and Jack Thompson as Major Thomas.

Gallipoli

Breaker Morant] Gallipoli is a 1981 film, directed by Peter Weir and starring Mel Gibson, about several young men from rural Western Australia who enlist in the Australian Imperial Force during the First World War. They are sent to Turkey, where they take part in the Battle of Gallipoli. During the course of the movie, the young men slowly lose their innocence about the nature of war. The climax of the movie occurs on the Anzac battlefield at Gallipoli and depicts the ill-fated attack at the Nek on the morning of the 7 August 1915 by the 3rd Light Horse Brigade.

Crocodile Dundee series

Peter Weir] Crocodile Dundee is one of the few Australian films which was a large success in America, most remembered for the phrase "That's not a knife, this is a knife" (actually said in the film as "That's not a knife." That's a knife."), when Dundee is confronted by a mugger in New York. Released on April 30, 1986 in Australia, and on September 26, 1986 in the United States, it was the second highest grossing film in the USA in that year and went on to become the No. 1 film worldwide at the box office. A sequel Crocodile Dundee II was made in 1988 which proved very popular and was the No. 5 grossing film of the year in the United States. It earned more than $300 million worldwide. A further sequel, Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles (2001) was not as successful.

Romper Stomper

Romper Stomper was a controversial film in Australia, due to its portrayal of neo-nazis. It is a 1992 Australian film by Geoffrey Wright starring Russell Crowe, Daniel Pollock, Jacqueline McKenzie and Tony Lee. The film follows the exploits and downfall of a neo-Nazi skinhead group in blue-collar suburban Melbourne. The film was originally intented to discourage neo-nazism, but unintentionally became a cult classic among racist skinheads.

Strictly Ballroom

The film was an adaptation of an original short play of the same name created by Luhrmann and first staged in 1986. It was a huge hit at the Cannes Film Festival, winning the Prix de Jeunesse award. It was sought after by distributors from across the world. Immediately after its showing at Cannes, it was sold to 86 countries for more than $10 million.

Muriel's Wedding

neo-nazis] Muriel's Wedding was a 1994 film which was a success around the world. Toni Collette received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her role, and the worldwide success of this film furthered the international careers of Hogan, Collette and Rachel Griffiths. The movie is noted for its use of the songs of ABBA to form almost its entire musical soundtrack.

The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert

The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert is a 1994 Australian film about a drag queen, a transvestite and a transsexual driving across the outback from Sydney to Alice Springs in a large bus they have named Priscilla. The film stars Hugo Weaving, Guy Pearce, and Terence Stamp. It was written and directed by Stephan Elliott.

Babe

Babe is a 1995 fantasy film that tells the story of a pig who wants to be a herding dog. The actors in the film used accents which were ambiguous, so it was not actually sure where the film was set in - it could have been Australia, England or America. Babe: Pig in the City was the sequel, released in 1998.

Shine

Shine is a 1996 film which tells the true story of pianist David Helfgott, who suffered a mental breakdown and spent years in institutions. It won the Academy Award for Best Actor (Geoffrey Rush), and was nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Armin Mueller-Stahl), Best Director, Best Film Editing, Best Music, Original Dramatic Score, Best Picture and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen.

The Castle

Shine] The Castle was a very popular film in Australia, and cult classic, although not understood to those unfamiliar with Australian culture. It is known for its portrayal of a typical working class Australian family. The story follows the exploits of Daryl Kerrigan, a tow-truck driver living in Melbourne, and his family. Unfortunately, the local airport wants to expand and plans to evict Daryl's family and their neighbours by way of compulsory purchase. Daryl attempts to foil the expansion in order to keep his home.

Rabbit-proof fence

The Castle Rabbit-proof fence was a film based on a story about three Aboriginal girls who travelled a huge distance in Western Australia by following the Rabbit proof fence. The film follows the girls walking for nine weeks along 1500 miles of fence to return to their mother's community at Jigalong. When it was released, the film caused debate over its historical accuracy.

Filmed or produced in Australia

No specific Australian theme or location
- The Blood of Heroes (1990)
- Dark City (1998)
- A Date with Destiny (1990)
- Dead-End Drive In (1986)
- Escape 2000 (1981)
- Fortress (1993)
- "Napoleon" (1995)
- The Matrix (1999)
- The Matrix Reloaded (2003)
- Moulin Rouge! (2001)
- Mission Impossible 2 (2000)
- Pitch Black (2000)
- Red Planet (2000)
- Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002)
- Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005)
- The Thin Red Line (1998)
- Thirst (1979)
- The Time Guardian (1987)
- Zone 39 (1997)
- Ghost Rider

Notable directors

Peter Weir was born in Sydney, and studied art and law at the University of Sydney. He directed well known Australian films Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975), Gallipoli (1981), The Year of Living Dangerously. He directed several films in the United States, including Dead Poets Society (1989) Green Card (1990) The Truman Show (1998) and Master and Commander (2003). Baz Luhrmann was born in Herons Creek in New South Wales in 1962. His most well known films are Strictly Ballroom (1990), Romeo and Juliet (1996), and Moulin Rouge! (2001) Other Australian directors:
- Gillian Armstrong (1950- )
- Mario Andreacchio (1955- )
- Bruce Beresford (1940- )
- Jane Campion (1954- )
- Charles Chauvel (1897-1959)
- Roger Donaldson (1945- )
- Stephen Hopkins (1958- )
- George Miller (1945- )
- Phillip Noyce (1950- )
- Fred Schepisi (1939- )
- Carl Schultz (1939- )
- Simon Wincer (1943- )
- Rolf de Heer (1951- )

Notable actors

Rolf de Heer] Rolf de Heer in Lord of the Rings]] Lord of the Rings in the Matrix]] Matrix] Matrix]] Main category: :Category:Australian actors
- Eric Bana (1968- )
- Claudia Black (1972- )
- Cate Blanchett (1969- )
- Bille Brown (1952- )
- Bryan Brown (1947- )
- Emily Browning (1988- )
- Rose Byrne (1979- )
- Toni Collette (1972- )
- Vince Colosimo (1966- )
- Russell Crowe (1964- )
- Judy Davis (1955- )
- Alex Dimitriades (1973- )
- Gosia Dobrowolska (1958- )
- Joel Edgerton (1974- )
- Errol Flynn (1909-1959)
- Nick Giannopoulos (1963- )
- Paul Goddard
- Rachel Griffiths (1961- )
- Virginia Hey (1962- )
- Paul Hogan (1939- )
- Bill Hunter (1940- )
- Hugh Jackman (1968- )
- Nicole Kidman (1967- )
- Heath Ledger (1979- )
- Sophie Lee (1968- )
- Lottie Lyell (1890-1925)
- Garry McDonald (1948- )
- Ben Mendelsohn (1969- )
- Frances O'Connor (1967- )
- Barry Otto (1941- )
- Miranda Otto (1967- )
- Guy Pearce (1967- )
- Leah Purcell (1970- )
- Geoffrey Rush (1951- )
- Noah Taylor (1969- )
- Jack Thompson (1940- )
- Sigrid Thornton (1959- )
- Charles 'Bud' Tingwell (1923- )
- John Waters (1948- )
- Naomi Watts (1968- )
- Hugo Weaving (1960- )
- David Wenham (1965- )
- Peta Wilson (1970- )

Notes

# David Stratton, The Avocado Plantation: Boom and Bust in the Australian Film Industry, Sydney: Pan Macmillan, 1990. # Andrew Pike and Ross Cooper, Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998, 1–49.

Literature

Encyclopedia and Reference


- Murray, Scott, ed. Australian Film: 1978–1994. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-1955-3777-7
- Pike, Andrew and Ross Cooper. Australian Film: 1900–1977. revised ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-1955-0784-3
- McFarland, Brian, Geoff Mayer and Ina Bertrand, eds. The Oxford Companion to Australian Film. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-1955-3797-1
- Moran, Albert and Errol Vieth. Historical Dictionary of Australian and New Zealand Cinema. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0-8108-5459-7
- Verhoeven, Deb, ed. Twin Peeks: Australian and New Zealand Feature Films. Melbourne: Damned Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-8763-1000-6

Critique and Commentary


- Collins, Felicity, and Theresa Davis. Australian Cinema After Mabo. Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- Dawson, Johnathon, and Bruce Molloy, eds. Queensland Images in Film and Television. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 1990.
- Dermody, Susan and Elizabeth Jacka, eds. The Screening of Australia, Volume 1: Anatomy of a Film Industry. Sydney: Currency Press, 1987.
- ———. The Screening of Australia, Volume 2: Anatomy of a National Cinema. Sydney: Currency Press, 1988.
- Moran, Albert and Tom O’Regan, eds. An Australian Film Reader (Australian Screen Series). Sydney: Currency Press, 1985.
- Stratton, David. The Avocado Plantation: Boom and Bust in the Australian Film Industry. Sydney : Pan Macmillan, 1990. 465p. ISBN 0-7329-0250-9

External links


- [http://users.mcmedia.com.au/~stocky/ausfilms.html K. Stockwell's Australiana Films Site]
- [http://us.imdb.com/Sections/Countries/Australia/ IMDb Australia]
- [http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/film/ Australian Government site on Film in Australia]
- [http://tv.cream.org/specialassignments/films/filmso.htm TV Cream on Australian films]
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